PENGURAPAN ORANG SAKIT
Apakah Sakramen Pengurapan Orang sakit itu? Sakramen ini adalah salah satu dari 7 sakramen yang umumnya diberikan Gereja kepada orang yang dalam keadaan bahaya kematian atau orang yang dalam kondisi sakit berat/parah.
Melalui sakramen ini, Tuhan ingin hadir dekat dengan si sakit, melalui Perantaraan Pelayan Gereja. Tanda lahiriah yang meneguhkan itu diharapkan akan menumbuhkan/menguatkan Iman si sakit. Tanda itu terdiri dari penumpangan tangan (tanda perlindungan, penghiburan dan penguatan) dan pengurapan dengan minyak (tanda kedekatan yang meringankan, Tanda Roh Kudus yang menyerupakan Manusia dengan Kristus[Kristus: yang Terurapi]).
Sakramen ini memiliki dasar kitab suci antara lain Mark 6:13 “dan mereka mengusir banyak setan, dan mengoles banyak orang sakit dengan minyak dan menyembuhkan mereka”; mark 16:18 “mereka akan memegang ular, dan sekalipun mereka minum racun maut, mereka tidak akan mendapat celaka; mereka akan meletakkan tangannya atas orang sakit, dan orang itu akan sembuh”; Yak 5:14-16 “Kalau ada seorang di antara kamu yang sakit, baiklah ia memanggil para penatua jemaat, supaya mereka mendoakan dia serta mengolesnya dengan minyak dalam nama Tuhan. Dan doa yang lahir dari iman akan menyelamatkan orang sakit itu dan Tuhan akan membangunkan dia; dan jika ia telah berbuat dosa, maka dosanya itu akan diampuni. Karena itu hendaklah kamu saling mengaku dosamu dan saling mendoakan, supaya kamu sembuh. Doa orang yang benar, bila dengan yakin didoakan, sangat besar kuasanya.” dengan Menerima sakramen ini mereka yang sakit mendapat peneguhan bahwa Allah hadir dan mendampingi sehingga mereka percaya bahwa Allah membantu menanggung pula beban si sakit (lih Mat 8:17).
Dengan Menerima Sakramen ini si sakit mau menggabungkan penderitaannya bersama penderitaan Yesus, sehingga jalan salib yang ditempuh si sakit menjadi jalan menuju Paska, dan bila memang kehendak Penyelenggaraan Ilahi maka si sakit bisa kembali sembuh dan pulih seperti sediakala.
Berikut kesaksian Bapa Gereja tentang Sakramen Pengurapan orang sakit:
- “We beseech you, Savior of all men, you that have all virtue and power, Father of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and we pray that you send down from heaven the healing power of the only-begotten [Son] upon this oil, so that for those who are anointed . . . it may be effected for the casting out of every disease and every bodily infirmity. . . for good grace and remission of sins . . . ” (The Sacramentary of Serapion 29:1).
- “For they are bold enough to teach, to dispute, to enact exorcisms, to undertake(13) cures–it may be even to baptize.” Tertullian,Prescription,49(A.D. 200),in ANF,III:263
- “O God who sanctifiest this oil as Thou dost grant unto all who are anointed and receive of it the hallowing wherewith Thou didst anoint kings and priests and prophets, so grant that it may give strength to all that taste of it and health to all that use it.” Hippolytus of Rome,Apostolic Tradition,5:2(c.A.D. 215),in AT,10
- “In addition to these there is also a seventh, albeit hard and laborious…In this way there is fufilled that too, which the Apostle James says :’If then, there is anyone sick, let him call the presbyters of the Church, and let them impose hands upon him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord; and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and if he be in sins, they shall be forgiven him.’ ” Origen,Homily on Leviticus,2:4(A.D. 244),in JUR,I:207
- “[O]f the sacrament of life, by which Christians [baptism], priests [in ordination], kings and prophets are made perfect; it illuminates darkness [in confirmation], anoints the sick, and by its secret sacrament restores penitents.” Aphraates the Persian Sage,Treatises, 23:3(A.D. 345), in CE,V:720
- “For not only at the time of regeneration, but afterwards also, they have authority to forgive sins. ‘Is any sick among you?’ it is said, ‘let him call for the elders of the Church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up: and if he have committed sins they shall be forgiven him.’ ” John Chrysostom,On the Priesthood,3:6(A.D. 386),in NPNF1,IX:48
- “[The sick] considered a more terrible calamity than disease itself … [instead of allowing] the hands of the Arians to be laid on the heads.” Athanasius, Encyclical Epistle (A.D. 341),in CE,V:720
- “[this oil]…for good grace and remission of sins, for a medicine of life and salvation, for health and soundness of soul, body, spirit, for perfect strengthening.” Serapion of Thmuis,Anaphora,29:1(A.D. 350),in CE,V:720
- “They pray over thee; one blows on thee, another seals thee.” Ephraim,Homily 46(ante A.D. 373),in CE,V:720
- “Why, then, do you lay on hands, and believe it to be the effect of the blessing, if perchance some sick person recovers? Why do you assume that any can be cleansed by you from the pollution of the devil? Why do you baptize if sins cannot be remitted by man? If baptism is certainly the remission of all sins, what difference does it make whether priests claim that this power is given to them in penance or at the font? In each the mystery is one.” Ambrose,Penance,1,8:36(A.D. 390),in NPNF2,X:335
- “[I]f some part of your body is suffering…recall also the saying in the divinely inspired Scripture: ‘Is anyone among you ill? Let him call the presbyters of the Church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and the Lord will raise him up, and if he be in sins they shall be forgiven.(James 5:14-15)” Cyril of Alexandria,Worship and Adoration,6(A.D. 412),in JUR,III:217
- “[I]n the epistle of the blessed Apostle James…’If anyone among you is sick, let him call the priests…’. There is no doubt that this anointing ought to be interpreted or understood of the sick faithful, who can be anointed with the holy oil of chrism…it is a kind of sacrament.” Pope Innocent[regn. A.D. 401-416],To Decentius,25,8,11(A.D. 416),in DEN,43
- “[L]et him who is ill receive the Body and Blood of Christ; let him humbly and in faith ask the presbyters for blessed oit, to anoint his body, so that what was written may be fufilled in him: ‘Is anyone among you sick? Let him bring in the presbyters, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil; and the prayer of faith will save the sick man, and the Lord will raise him up; and if he be in sins, they will be forgiven him (James 5:14-15)” Ceasar of Arles,Sermons,13(265),3(ante A.D. 542),in JUR,III:285
- “[A] priest is to be called in, who by the prayer of faith and the unction of the holy oil which he imparts will save him who is afflicted [by a serious injury or by sickness].” Cassiodorus,Complexiones(A.D. 570),in CE,V:7. (Thomas Rudy)
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